Envis Bulletin (WII)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://digitalrepository.wii.gov.in/handle/123456789/854
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Item Market Chain analysis, Usage and market linkages of Parmelia and Coleus harvested from the wild in Uttarakhand(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2010) Pasha, M.K.S.; Adhikari, B.S.The state of Uttarakhand located in Himalayas is especially rich in the vegetation wealth. This wealth has received significant attention. It is also among the major suppliers of medicinal and aromatic plants in the Indian market. For medicinal use any of the parts of the plant might be considered as herb including leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, resin, root bark, inner bark (cambium), berries and sometimes the pericarp or other portions of the plant. While the demand for plants and plant based products is growing, some of them are increasingly being threatened in their natural habitat and some others are rejected due to their low percentage of active contents attributed to their geographic habitat. Uttarakhand once considered being the largest supplier of Coleus barbatus is witnessing negligible demand these days. At the same time collection of Parmelia in India has considerably declined in last five decades. Coleus barbatus: It may be termed as a medicine of modern days. The pharmacological activities are attributed to forskolin, located in root tubers. Forskolin is the active constituent of Coleus barbatus. It is used mainly as food supplement. Forskolin content of the tubers varies with the strain and locality of its cultivation (0.1 - 0.58%, going as high as 1.1% in some cases). During the growing period flowers are nipped off to obtain more biomass in case of cultivation. The plant is harvested manually by uprooting the individual plants. The tubers are separated, cleaned chopped into pieces and shade dried. There is no information available on grading of the roots. However, dried tuberous roots are preferred over fibred one. Price of Coleus is dependent on area of its origin. Wild variety collected from Uttarakhand fetches low price when compared to the cultivated variety obtained from Southern parts of India. Price for Uttarakhand wild variety ranges from Rs.75.00 to Rs.95.00, whereas south Indian cultivated variety is sold at a range from Rs.270.00 to Rs.300.00 per kg. The dried roots are packed in sacks weighing 40 to 50 kg for transportation. It is not much used in India. It is exported in the form of extract, food supplement and proprietary medicine mainly to U.S.A., Australia and Japan. The extracts containing 10 - 20% forskolin are generally marketed. There are four major trading centers for coleus, namely Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Bangalore. In actual practice extraction units depend mainly on contract farming or direct procurement from the cultivators. Parmelia spp.: The lichens are collected from trees trunks and rocks. Collection is permitted from January to June by Uttarakhand Government. The whole collection is handed over to the Uttarakhand Van Vikas Nigam. The material is then fuctioned by the Uttarakhand Van Vikas Nigam at its collection centers; viz., Ramnagar, Rishikesh and Tanakpur. Apart from Uttarakhand, in India the material is available in Himachal Pradesh, North Eastern States and Tamil Nadu. Few tons are also imported from Nepal. The material is cleaned and is exposed to sunlight for drying then is divided into three grades. Price of grade one and two are too high when compared to grade three. grade one range from Rs.120 to Rs.160, grade two range from Rs.90 to Rs.130 and grade three range from Rs.10 to Rs.25. The material is packed in 10 to 15 kg bags. The important users industries are Ayurvedic medicine, spice, perfumery and dyeing. Ramnagar is the main trading center for this material in Uttarakhand. Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh consume almost 80% of the total production.