M Sc Dissertation(WII)
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Item Assessing Habitat Use and Activity Pattern of Hoolock Gibbons (Hoolock hoolock) in the Mosaic Landscape of Garo Hills(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2025) Passah, Betwonsaoo; Lyngdoh, Salvador; Kumara, H.N.Primates react to environmental disruption in a variety of ways. Their home range and activity pattern are often linked with anthropogenic disturbance of the landscape. This study focuses on Hoolock Gibbons (Hoolock hoolock) in Garo Hills, Meghalaya, which is a highly arboreal primate and the only ape in India. Hoolock gibbon’s habitat in the Garo hills is being degraded due to the increase in the conversion of forest land into plantations. As most of these forests where the gibbons are located are managed by the community, these forests face overexploitation, which threatens the endangered Hoolock Gibbons habitat. This study aims to establish a baseline Hoolock Gibbon Ecology in the community-managed forest and protected area in the mosaic landscape of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, by examining their habitat use and activity pattern. The main objective is to determine the Gibbon's habitat use within its home range and examine their activity patterns in different forest types. The study is conducted in Daribokgre CR (a continuous forest patch adjoining Nokrek National Park), Dura Kalakgre CR (a small strip of CR which is surrounded by abandoned jhum and active jhum), and an Areca nut plantation which is located in Rensengre close to Selbalgre CR. In each area, one group is chosen and tracked for 20 days. Geo-coordinates and behavioural data were collected, with vegetation sampling and disturbances within a 1 ha cell size grid, which was overlaid on the location points. QGIS was used to map habitat use based on the geospatial data, and the Generalised Linear Model (GLM) was used to check the influencing factors. The activity budget was calculated to understand the behaviour patterns. Across the three studied groups, the habitat types were different group in Daribokgre (Forest group) is dominated by forest patches, the group in Dura Kalkgre (Jhum group) was dominated by abandoned jhum, and the group in Rensengre (Plantation group) was dominated by plantation, and their home range size were 24 hectares, 30 hectares, and 23 hectares, respectively. GLM reveals a significant effect only for the group in the disturbed habitat on the intensity of use. Overall, habitat use patterns and activity patterns varied across the groups, reflecting in behavioural and habitat preference.Item Habitat Characterization and Spatial Distribution of Quercus lanata Sm. in the Kumaon Himalaya(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2025) Kaushik, Shikhar; Kumar, Amit; Rawat, G.S.Oaks are climax species which evolved around 56 million years ago. India is home to around 35 species of oaks out of which only 5 species are native to Uttarakhand. In Western Himalaya 3 species make extensive continuous forests which includes Banj oak forest, Moru oak forest and Kharsu oak forest. They show gregarious nature and provide countless ecological and economic benefits to the country. The other two species, Quercus glauca and Quercus lanata are patchy is distribution. For Quercus lanata the Kumaon Himalaya is the western most limit and therefore that species is patchy and shows disjunct population. This study aimed to understand the population, regeneration, habitat characterisation and distribution of Quercus lanata in Kumaon. Descriptive analysis was used to understand the population structure and associate species and maxent modelling was used to develop habitat suitability model. The overall population of Quercus lanata (Rianj) in Kumaon shows a stable and gradually growing trend. Quercus lanata shows a diverse preference to habitat which ranges from northerns moist slopes to drier southern slopes. The significant values from analysed data suggest that its preference at southern slope is comparatively higher. It occurs with Quercus leucotrichophora as well as with Pinus roxburghii. The major co-occurring species with Quercus lanata are Rhododendron arboreum and Myrica esculenta. The developed habitat suitability and generalised linear models helped to understand that elevation and aspect play a significant role in distribution of Quercus lanata. The demand of Quercus lanata for fodder and fuelwood in village area is quite high and therefore requires sustainable practices. As of now Quercus lanata is classified under either Banj oak forest or Moru oak forest which reduces the level of conservation and management this species require.Item Resource selection and resource partitioning among wild ungulates in the tropical semi-arid forest of Ranthambhore National Park. Rajasthan.(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2001) Bagchi, Sumanta; Goyal, S.P.; Sankar, K.This study attempted to explore and describe the pattern of resource selection and inter-relationship in communal niche space of four species i.e. chital, sambar, nilgai and chinkara in dry deciduous semi arid forests of Ranthambhore national park, RajasthanItem Habitat Preference of Sambar (Cervus unicolor) in Rajaji National Park(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 1991) Bhatnagar, Yashveer; Prasad, S.N.A study on the habitat use by sambar in the Rajaji National Park was carried out from November 1990 to April 1991. Data was collected on the vegetation, habitat use and abundance of sambar. Habitat preferences were studied using the utilization availability technique and animal abundances using the King census method. The major results regarding vegetation studies were: 1. Nine vegetation types (VT) were recognized in the study area based on their broad association and physiognomy as: the plains sal forests (SF), plains mixed forest plantation (MFP), mixed forests (MF), mixed forest, riverain (MFR), mixed forests slope (MFS), mixed forest shady valley (MFSV), mixed forest grassy slopes (MFSG), mixed forest slope with sal (MFSS) and sal forest slope (SFS). 2. The dominant tree, shrub and grass species and their abundances for each VT are presented. 3. The hills on the whole had a greater proportion of palatable tree species with branches accessible to sambar. They also had a greater diversity of forage and cover providing shrubs. The major results of the preference analysis were: 1. Sambar shows preference for MFS during both seasons (November to Mid February-winter and Mid February to April-Spring/summer).2. Low to moderate tree and shrub covers are preferred during both seasons. Higher grass cover categories are preferred by sambar during both seasons. 3. Lopped areas show avoidance mainly during summers. The major results of the sambar abundance were: 1. Sambar density for the 10 transects, representing hills and plains and varied levels of disturbance are presented.2. Sambar density during both seasons was higher in the hills.3. The sambar density does not significantly vary between the hill, disturbed and hill relatively undisturbed transects during both the seasons.