Theses and Dissertations

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Author: search.filters.author.Kumara, H.N.

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    Assessing Habitat Use and Activity Pattern of Hoolock Gibbons (Hoolock hoolock) in the Mosaic Landscape of Garo Hills
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2025) Passah, Betwonsaoo; Lyngdoh, Salvador; Kumara, H.N.
    Primates react to environmental disruption in a variety of ways. Their home range and activity pattern are often linked with anthropogenic disturbance of the landscape. This study focuses on Hoolock Gibbons (Hoolock hoolock) in Garo Hills, Meghalaya, which is a highly arboreal primate and the only ape in India. Hoolock gibbon’s habitat in the Garo hills is being degraded due to the increase in the conversion of forest land into plantations. As most of these forests where the gibbons are located are managed by the community, these forests face overexploitation, which threatens the endangered Hoolock Gibbons habitat. This study aims to establish a baseline Hoolock Gibbon Ecology in the community-managed forest and protected area in the mosaic landscape of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, by examining their habitat use and activity pattern. The main objective is to determine the Gibbon's habitat use within its home range and examine their activity patterns in different forest types. The study is conducted in Daribokgre CR (a continuous forest patch adjoining Nokrek National Park), Dura Kalakgre CR (a small strip of CR which is surrounded by abandoned jhum and active jhum), and an Areca nut plantation which is located in Rensengre close to Selbalgre CR. In each area, one group is chosen and tracked for 20 days. Geo-coordinates and behavioural data were collected, with vegetation sampling and disturbances within a 1 ha cell size grid, which was overlaid on the location points. QGIS was used to map habitat use based on the geospatial data, and the Generalised Linear Model (GLM) was used to check the influencing factors. The activity budget was calculated to understand the behaviour patterns. Across the three studied groups, the habitat types were different group in Daribokgre (Forest group) is dominated by forest patches, the group in Dura Kalkgre (Jhum group) was dominated by abandoned jhum, and the group in Rensengre (Plantation group) was dominated by plantation, and their home range size were 24 hectares, 30 hectares, and 23 hectares, respectively. GLM reveals a significant effect only for the group in the disturbed habitat on the intensity of use. Overall, habitat use patterns and activity patterns varied across the groups, reflecting in behavioural and habitat preference.
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    Aggression and Conflict Resolution in Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis umbrosus.
    (SACON, 2019) Partha Sarathi, M.; Kumara, H.N.; Thayumanavan
    A strong dominance hierarchy with high linearity and steepness in females indicates high competition among the females for food. This pattern was absent in the study with a moderately wrong hierarchy, possibly due to the avoidance of competition for food. This, in term, suggests that food distribution is uniform and abundant for each individual of a small group, which is the foundation of the socio-ecological theory. Furthermore, low competition in the group allows females to form close bonds and exchange affiliative behaviors as recorded in the study. Low monopolization is depicted by low steepness values and under such a regime. subordinate females do not use grooming as currency to gain access 10 food from dominant females.
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    Beyond the forest: Intraspecific and interspecific aggression in Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2024) Santosh, Charushree; Kumara, H.N.; Mahajan, Prashant
    Rhesus macaques and human have been coexisting from a long time. Living in such close proximity to each other have bought various challenges to both species. Some challenges could be solved by behavioural modifications. This study looks at how various factors affect the aggression in both macaques and humans towards each other and their conspecifics. This study helps in understanding the frequency of aggression in macaques towards each other and humans in different settings. Direction of major aggressive interactions and the factors behind these events were also noted. Human aggression towards macaques were also seen. Most common reason for human initiated aggression was property damage while, for macaques it was threat. This kind of behavioural studies help us manage conflict with this communal species and also lets us see how human presence and behaviour might influence macaque behaviour.