Theses and Dissertations
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Item A Study on Breeding Behaviour of Oriental White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) in Anjarle and Deobag, Mahashtra(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2011) Kambale, Asish Atmaram; Sivakumar, S.; Mohan, D.This study was aimed to understand the current status, distribution pattern, habitat characteristics, nesting success and nesting behaviour of Oriental Whitebacked vulture in the Konkan coast during a breeding season between December 2010 and May 2011. A total of 24 sites either nesting or feeding were located all along the Konkan coasts of Maharashtra during the survey using area search method as well as interview based techniques. Study shows that there was no significant difference in the habitats of both active and inactive nesting sites in the Konkan coast which indicates that the decline of nesting population of vulatures in the region may not be exclusively due to habitat destructionItem Status, habitat use and factors affecting breeding waterbirds of Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh (India).(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2020) Mahar, NeerajTourism has evolved as an alternative livelihood for the local people and has reduced their direct dependencies on natural resources and perhaps indirectly contributed towards nature conservation. However, unregulated tourism activities have led to degradation of natural systems and increased the ecological vulnerabilities of local communities. Often, tourism and other developmental activities related disturbances collide with the peak season for several biological processes and affect the ability of natural system to revive and restore itself. In case of waterbirds these disturbance affect the breeding success. Other than anthropogenic activities, domestic dogs, apparently the most abundant carnivores in the world, pose a major threat to local wildlife. Recent studies have determined waterbirds as an important part of their diet. The existing literature clearly suggested that there was a huge information gap regarding Trans-Himalayan wetlands and their avifaunal characteristics. Previous studies were either site specific or species-specific, and thus, landscape level base line data was either scanty or unavailable. The Trans-Himalayan wetlands of India are increasingly under anthropogenic stress which is affecting their ecological structure and functions, especially the breeding birds. Blacknecked crane (BNC) is one of the flagship species of these wetlands. With the above background, I decided to study and understand their ecology and major threats faced by waterbirds and wetlands of Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary (CWLS). The objectives for this work were to (1) assess the population status and habitat use by waterbirds, (2)evaluate the factors affecting the breeding waterbirds, and (3) assess change in the wetland area.Item Distribution of breeding Phylloscopus and Seicercus warblers in the Himalayas: Role of ecomorphology and competition.(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2012) Ghosh, Mousumi; Rawat, G.S.; Price, TrevorPresent study is carried out for the overarching goal of understanding the ecological and historical determinants of geographic and altitudinal distribution of sixteen breeding Phylloscopus and Seicercus species in the Himalayas. The broad research objectives were as follows: 1. Assess the availability of arthropod resources across the eastern and western Himalaya along the elevational gradients. 2. Identify the climatic correlates of the breeding distribution of Phylloscopidae. 3. Examine the geographic variation in foraging ecology of Phylloscopidae across the Himalayan bioclimatic gradient.Item Patterns of distribution and multiscale-habitat correlates of riverine birds in the upper Ganges, Western Himalaya.(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2021) Sinha, Ankita; Ramesh, K.; Jayapal, R.Fauna associated with riverine ecosystems vary considerably at the global scale ranging from obligate terrestrial to obligate aquatic. Birds constitute key components of wildlife along running water systems. 2. The global river bird community is diverse with 66 species, spanning across 19 families with 37 non-passerines and 29 passerines. Asia has the maximum number of species followed by South America and Africa. 3. The global distribution ranges of specialist river birds show that large areas of the world hold few or no specialist riverine birds. Richness peaks in the eastern Himalaya and the Myanmar-China border, around the Kakabo Raazi mountains where more than 15 species of specialist river birds overlap in range. 4. Species richness reflects considerable radiation in particular groups; Muscicapidae (small passerine insectivorous birds mostly belonging to the old world) in Asia, ovenbirds (Funariidae) and tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae)in South America, and the Pratincoles (Glareolidae) in Africa. 5. Ecological understanding and conservation efforts of specialist river birds remain rudimentary especially in the tropics where rivers are faced with a host of threats. 6. In this particular study, field surveys were undertaken to understand bird community composition and river habitat characteristics across summer (breeding) and autumn (wintering/non-breeding) seasons in the Bhagirathi basin, a major headstream of the Upper Ganges in the state of Uttarakhand in the western Indian Himalaya between years 2014 and 2018.Item Population dynamics of the Edible-Nest Swiftlet Aerodramus Fuciphagus Inexpectatus in the Andaman Islands(SACON, 2024) Prathamesh, H.G.; Manchi, Shirish S.Population dynamics play a fundamental role in ecological research and have important implications. It refers to the study of how the size and composition of populations of organisms change over time and in response to various factors such as birth and death rates, immigration and emigration, environmental conditions, resource availability, and interactions with other species. Many researchers have long studied terrestrial avian population dynamics; however, birds in hypogean environments, such as the Edible-nest Swiftlet, did not receive much attention. The Edible-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus inexpectatus) is a cave-dwelling bird studied primarily in ex-situ habitats due to its economic importance. The studies in wild or urban areas majorly focus on breeding biology, ecology, habitat, and population trends. However, many aspects of population dynamics are never attempted due to a lack of resources and practical difficulties, such as in the Andaman Islands. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the population dynamics of the Edible-nest Swiftlet in the Andaman Islands. The study aims to investigate the various aspects of population dynamics: site fidelity, colonial sex ratio, and inter-colonial dispersal patterns, considering the biotic and abiotic factors influencing these traits. The study overall intends to provide valuable insights into the swiftlet’s research and conservation.Item Molecular markers and feather microstructures of select traded avian species in Assam(SACON, 2019) Ray, Swapna Devi; Singh, Ram Pratap; Pramod, P.The illicit trade of birds is widespread across the globe, causing the major concern of population declines of several elusive and endemic species. It is the fastest growing business with ease of moneymaking with minimum effort. The major driving factors of the illegal bird trades vary and include traditional beliefs, traditional medicines, different socio-cultural issues. superstition s. and the easiest connectivity among the participants in the trade. 11 is a serious matter of concern where the ongoing scenario always remains clandestine. This study provides information for the first time on illegally traded avian species in Assam. The state of Assam is a "Gate-way" of travel and transport and is marked as the "Transitory Route" for illegally traded birds in India due to its transboundary nature. Moreover, different socio-cultural practices followed by the local tribes also plays significant role in the illegal bird trade scenario in Assam. Using the snowball sampling method, a systematic market survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire for illegally traded birds and local people's perceptions towards issues associated with the traded birdsItem Levels of metal contamination in various species of birds in select states in India.(SACON, 2019) Kirubhanandhini, V.; Murlidharan, S.In India, studies on metal contamination on birds are a few. There is a growing concern to examine metal contamination in birds and interpret their levels; thereby appropriate measures may be taken to conserve the species. Metal levels in tissues can serve as an indication of the potential effects for alerting managers and the public to mitigating ecological problems. The presence of metal contaminants in tissues of birds is a problem that has not been fully resolved, given the ethical and legal impediments associated with the hunting and killing of bird species. The use of body feathers for studying metal contamination is another possible solution to this problem, as removal of these feathers does not injure the birds. In reference of seabirds, breast feathers are especially useful for establishing spatio and temporal patterns in bird populations and for evaluating metal contamination in species that are threatened or in danger of extinction. The present study was conducted with objective to document the levels of accumulalion of metals such as Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni , Cu and Zn in different species of birds in select states of India.Item Roosting ecology of the edible-nest swiftletin the Andaman Islands(SACON, 2017) Mohan, Mane Akshaya; Manchi Shirish, S.;the present study attempts to address certain questions relating to the roosting ecology of the cave dwelling populations of AENS in the Andaman Islands. The aim of this study was to understand more about the species habits and habitats towards strengthening the ongoing in-situ and ex-situ conservation of the AENS. This study was initiated and conducted to 1) understand the roosting patterns and behaviour of the AENS, 2) identify the biological factors affecting roosting patterns of the AENS and 3) determine the environmental factors influencing roosting patterns of the AENS.Item Study on nest tree preferences by cavity nesting birds in the riverine forests of Athikadavu Valley, Western Ghats, India.(SACON, 2017) Manikandan, P.; balasubramian, P.A study on nest tree utilization and preferences by cavity nesting birds was carried out in the riverine forests of Athikadavu Valley, Western Ghats, India from August 2012 to July 2015. In India, more than 100 species of tree-cavity nesting birds have been identified, but very little information is available about their nesting habits. In the above background, it is felt that a study on tree diversity and its use by birds in the riverine forests of an important river system-the Bhavani a tributary of Cauvery in southern India would be useful in planning biodiversity conservation. The objectives of the study were, i) Quantify the woody vegetation of the riverine forest of Bhavani river in Athikadavu Valley, ii) Find out the nest tree preferences of cavity nesting birds, and iii) Ascertain the characteristics of nest trees and nest cavities used by cavity nesting birds.Item Avian Species selection in Urban Habitats: A study in Coimbatore, India.(SACON, 2013) Rajini, J.; Azeez, P.A.Survival of a species is closely associated with changing habitats. We studied this in the context of urbanization that brings massive changes in the landscape. The study is contextual in view of high rates of conversion of natural landscapes into urban areas. With the ascent of urbanization, many species disappear while some species become abundant. The present study investigated avian species and their distribution along a rural-urban gradient of the Coimbatore city - a fast growing city in Tamil Nadu, India. The study was taken up to explore the factors that affect the distribution of avian species across an urbanisation gradient and to identify survival strategies adopted by avian species in urban areas.