Theses and Dissertations

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    A study on predation ecology of large carnivores with special reference to human-carnivore conflicts in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, Central India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2022) Chatterjee, Anindita B.; Sankar, K.; Qureshi, Qamar; Jhala, Y.V.
    Seven years of data (2008 – 2015) resulted in phot-capture of 96 unique individual tigers in the study area. The estimated survival rate of individual tigers was high. Survival of female tigers were higher than that of the male tigers but the range was overlapping. Apparent survival and transitional probabilities were best explained by gender specific models. Survival constant was selected as the best model for estimating growth rate of tigers. Calculated annual growth rate was 13% with no observed sex bias.
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    Tiger and leopard: Population ecology and resource portioning of sympatric carnivores in Kanha Tiger Reserve. M.P.
    (wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2020) Kumar, Ujjwal; Jhala, Y.V.; Qureshi, Qamar
    Large investment in the form of protected areas, human resettlement, law enforcement-patrols and habitat management are made to conserve tigers and reap their benevolent umbrella role to secure India’s biodiversity. The objectives of present study are (i) the trend of tiger and leopard population (ii) demography of tigers and leopards and mechanism of their co existence. The study area was Kanha tiger reserve (area 2074 km2), a major stronghold for both species in central Indian landscape. Study investigate the estimated vital parameters of tiger demography through robust design based classical open population models in which population was open to demographic process. This study used both camera trap based mark-recapture and continuous monitoring known fate information to estimate reproductive parameters along with age specific survival and dispersal probability of tigers.
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    Genetic diversity, gene flow and mating system in sympatric crocodylian species in National Chambal Sanctuary, India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2023) Sharma, Surya Prasad
    The present research was, thus, undertaken to provide information on the genetic status of two freshwater crocodylian species through assessment of the (a) genetic diversity, (b) population genetic structure, genetic differentiation, and gene-flow and (c) mating system using nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial markers. The biological samples for genetic assessment were collected from two of the largest breeding gharial population in Chambal River (within the National Chambal Sanctuary) and Girwa River (within) Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary) for both the study species.
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    Resource partitioning among sympatric ungulates in Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India.
    (wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2021) Awasthi, Neha; Jhala, Y.V.; Qureshi, Qamar
    This study explores the potential mechanisms of how the community of sympatric ungulates in Kanha might partition resources by evaluating i) habitat-specific seasonal densities and spatial co-occurrence of ungulates; ii) demographic parameters; iii) temporal activity and food habits of ungulates and; iv) factors affecting their group size. The study area was ~ 2074 km2 Kanha Tiger Reserve comprising inviolate Kanha National park (core zone; devoid of human settlements and use) and the multiple-use area (buffer zone; consisting of forest and xviii revenue land, used by rural communities for farming and livestock rearing). The study stresses the importance of human free core areas and the need for conservation investments for achieving high ungulate densities and biomass that are essential to sustain source populations of tigers and other endangered carnivores in this landscape.
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    Aspects of Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) Ecology in Sanjay Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2022) Chaudhuri, Sankarshan; Sathyakumar, S.; Sankar, K.; Qureshi, Qamar
    This study was conducted to identify the aspects of the ecology of sloth bear. I conducted the fieldwork for this study for three years (2017-2019). The broad objectives of this study were: 1. To estimate the occupancy and abundance of sloth bears and identify environmental and anthropogenic factors which influence the same 2. To assess the space use patterns by sloth bears in terms of habitat use and den selection 3. To investigate the seasonal diet patterns of sloth bears 4. To assess the human-sloth bear conflict based on spatio-temporal interaction.
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    Behavioural patterns and food habits of re-introduced gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus) in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2015) Manjrekar, Manas P.; Sankar, K.; Qureshi, Qamar
    The present study was designed to study the behavioural patterns and food habits of the reintroduced gaur population in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. The study was carried out from March 2012 to February 2014. For the collection of data on the behavioural patterns of gaur the scan sampling technique was used and 13 distinct activities of gaur were identified viz. feeding, moving, resting, standing, autogrooming, allogrooming, sexual behaviour, aggressive behaviour, drinking, salt licking, vocalising, defecating/urinating and alert behaviour. In the present study the social interactions among the members of a gaur herd were classified as allogrooming, dominance-subordination interactions and sexual behaviour. Four types of dominance-subordination interactions were recorded among gaur during the study period in Bandhavgarh.
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    Development of spatial database in Geographical Information System Domain for Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and assessment of land use/land cover changes.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2008) Lal, Panna; Mathur, V.B.; Qureshi, Qamar
    The study on “Development of spatial database in Geographical Information System Domain for Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and Assessment of Landuse/Landcover Changes” was carried out between 2001 and 2006. The major objectives of the study were (a) Mapping of major vegetation communities using remotely sensed data, (b) Assessment of changes in landuse/landcover using time series analyses with a focus on areas from which villages have been relocated as part of the ecodevelopment initiative (c) Development of a resource database on ecological and management attributes for management of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. The study has covered the physical, floral and faunal aspects of Tiger Reserve.
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    Ranging patterns and habitat use of re-introduced gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus) in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2014) Navneethan, B.; Qureshi, Qamar; Sankar, K.
    Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (BTR), situated in Central India, supported a small population of gaur (38. individuals) till 1995. This gaur population became locally extinct in 1998, and the reason for the same is attributed to disruption of the migratory corridor between the forests of Bandhavgarh and Ghunghuti and Amarkantak. Even after the local extinction of gaur, BTR continued to be an excellent habitat for gaur and hence it was decided to reintroduce gaur in BTR as it would be a major conservation initiative for this endangered species. The present study on reintroduced gaur was carried out from March 2011 to February 2013 covering all seasons in a year, summer (March - June), monsoon (July - October) and winter (November - February) in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, Central India, to study the ranging pattern and habitat use.
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    The feeding ecology of the Dhole or Asiatic Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus) in Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2008) Acharya, Bhaskar B.; Johnsingh, A.J.T.; Sankar, K.
    In order to collect basic information on the prey species of dholes, this study aimed to estimate the density, encounter rates, biomass, and the population structure and composition of the major prey species within the study area. Eventually, The objective of this study was to determine the relative proportions of different prey species in diet of dholes, in terms of frequency of occurrences, biomass, and numbers of individuals consumed. The aim was also to study predation by dholes in relation to prey availability and utilization within Pench Tiger Reserve, i.e. to see if dholes killed prey randomly or selected specific kinds of prey. If that was so, the ecological factors intrinsic to that prey which may influence prey selection were assessed.
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    Spatial patterns of species richness and distribution in breeding land birds of the Central Indian Highlands.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2006) Jaypal, R.; Qureshi, Qamar; Chellam, Ravi
    Variations in number and distribution of species in space constitute one of the fundamental themes in ecological research. It is being increasingly recognized that studies on species diversity at regional scale are essential to understand the mechanisms of maintenance of biological diversity. Emergence of macroecology, where large-scale ecological phenomena are examined to test biogeographical hypotheses, has considerably widened the scope of these approaches to include application of empirical patterns in finding solutions to conservation issues. This study, adopting this acroecological framework, investigates the spatial patterns in species richness and distribution of breeding land birds in central India. 2. The study was conducted across the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges, collectively known as Central Indian Highlands, in Madhya Pradesh, India between March, 2002 and September, 2005. Bird species composition is found to be primarily determined by vegetation structure at regional level and by floristic composition at local scale. This finding is consistent with earlier observations that birds respond, in their species composition, to vegetation structure across habitats and to vegetation composition within habitats. The species-area relationship in central Indian birds is best described by power function curve with a slope of 0.12. The acutely low slope points to the extremely sparse nature of spatial gradient in bird species diversity of Central Indian Highlands. The findings of the study clearly illustrate the bias in PA network that a single-species approach can potentially bring about. The recent rediscovery of the critically endangered Forest Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti), after a gap of 113 years, from these low-rainfall dry deciduous forests highlights the importance of extending adequate protection to all major biomes and the need for multi-species approach in design and maintenance of an efficient PA network.