Theses and Dissertations
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Item Relative sensitivity of mammalian carnivores to disturbance in sub-tropical forests of Arunachal pradesh(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2005) Dada, Tamo; Hussain, S.A.Study the impacts of disturbance such as clearing of forests for habitation, presence of domestic livestock, forestry operation such as logging and extracting of non-timber forest products, trapping and hunting for sustenance as disturbance on carnivore populations. The study was conducted in the low land semi evergreen forests of Pakke Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh. For this study following objectives were identified • Prepare an inventory of carnivore species occurring in Pakke Tiger Reserve. • Study spatial and ecological distribution in terms of disturbances and environmental variables respectively. Four study sites, Khari, West bank, Dicho and Lanka were selected from within the Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining Papum Reserve Forests, on the basis of various parameters which might have affected the habitat structure of the area. The influences of habitat variables on the occurrences of carnivore species were examined by using Classification tree analysis by using S-PLUS 4.5 software. The final output showed that, distances from village was the most important variable that determines the presence - absence of civets .Civets were absent in areas with more than 65 % shrub cover .Small cats occurred in areas with greater shrub cover and shrub height The occurrence of small cats decreased with the distances from village increased '. Small cat occurred low in areas with high canopy cover.Item Disturbance and Coral Community Structure in the Intertidal Coral Reefs of the Southern Gulf of Kutch(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 1995) Arthur, Rohan; Jhala, Y.V.I quantified the coral community structure using quadrat sampling in two intertidal coral reefs off the island of Narrara and Pirotan in the Southern Gulf of Kutch. These areas are subject to heavy disturbance from industries, and anthropogenic pressures on the reef are considerable. Species richness and indices of diversity indicate the reefs are of low diversity. Species diversity values indicate that Narrara has a lower species diversity (H'= 2.822, SE 0.139) than Pirotan (H'= 3.95, SE 0.126) (t-test d.f. = 236, P < 0.00 I). However, environmental data collected from both areas indicate that the levels of disturbance, measured as the mean percentages of dead coral, sediment load on live coral, algae cover and bleaching, was generally higher in Pirotan than in Nanara. Multivariate techniques of analysis were used to elucidate these trends. Community clustering using the statistical package TWINSPAN and direct ordination using Canonical Correspondence (statistical package CANOCO) were carried out. Axis I correlated well with the percentage of boulders in the reef and the density of algae, and Axis 11 correlated well with sediment load on the coral. Species showed clear patterns of distribution along these axes. I set up experiments to test the effect of crude oil and bittern, a salt manufacturing by-product, on two common reef Scleractinidia, Porites compressa and Favia favus. Significant effects were seen with both pollutants. Most of the replicates showed some level of recovery though this recovery did not result in any of the coral regaining total health. Indices of coral sensitivity and coral recovery was developed and this proved a valuable means of comparing the response of different species. Bittern and crude oil stressed the corals and resulted in sediment deposition. The immediate cause of mortality was caused by sediment deposits on the coral boulders. In highly turbid reefs, coral species might be affected more by high sedimentation levels than by other environmental stressors