Theses and Dissertations

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    Genetic assessment of the Non-descript pig breeds across selected regions of Uttarakhand
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2023) Sahoo, Khushboo; Gupta, S.K.; Gopi, G.V.
    India, which has ancient history of pig rearing, is home to several indigenous pig breeds that reflect the adaptation of Sus scrofa to different environmental and cultural conditions. However, only 13 of these breeds are currently recognized and documented by the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources. The present research was undertaken to identify the spatial distribution, socio-economic status, pig husbandry methods of pig rearers, and the impact of Exotic pig breed on the indigenous breed and ecology of the region. As molecular characterization is a valuable tool that provides insights into the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of the current pig breed raise in a region. Hence by incorporating molecular techniques in understanding of the domestic pig breed and their interactions with ecosystems, promote more precise and science-based management that contributes to biodiversity conservation and sustainable husbandry practices. The present study will also aim to evaluate the maternal lineage, genetic diversity and population structure of the domestic pig breeds at the regional scale, using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA sequences. The survey and sampling was done in the planar (Dehradun, Haridwar and Nainital) districts of Uttarakhand, a mountainous state of India that lies in the foothills of Himalayas, where rapid urbanisation and continuous migration make us reconsider the necessity of an organise promotion of the piggery sector due to its multiple ecological implications.
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    Ranging and Habitat Utilization by the Himalayan Ibex (Capra ibex sibirica) in Pin Valley National Park.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 1997) Bhatnagar, Yashveer; Rawat, G.S.
    The Himalayan ibex is an important prey species of the endangered apex predator of the alpine region, the snow leopard (Schaller 1977). There is an imminent threat to the trans-Himalayan areas in India due to increasing human activities. In this context the study is conducted to study ibex in a relatively safe population to learn about its habitat requirements and ranging behaviour. The study area is part of the Pin Valley National Park (PVNP; 31o 6' 40'' to 32o 2' 20'' N latitude and 77o 41' 21" to 78o 6' 19" E longitude), located in the South-East of the Lahul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh
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    Molecular Phylogeny and Population genetic structure of Northern Red Muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) in India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2022) Singh, Bhim
    Present study is based on the genetic diversity, phylogenetics, and the population genetic structure of Indian red muntjac in India and also compared with other existing muntjac. The objectives of the study are: 1. To assess the genetic diversity of the Indian red muntjacs among different populations using mtDNA and microsatellites markers. 2. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Indian red muntjac with respect to other species. 3. To investigate the population genetic structure, gene flow and demographic history of Indian red muntjac.
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    Resource partitioning among sympatric ungulates in Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India.
    (wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2021) Awasthi, Neha; Jhala, Y.V.; Qureshi, Qamar
    This study explores the potential mechanisms of how the community of sympatric ungulates in Kanha might partition resources by evaluating i) habitat-specific seasonal densities and spatial co-occurrence of ungulates; ii) demographic parameters; iii) temporal activity and food habits of ungulates and; iv) factors affecting their group size. The study area was ~ 2074 km2 Kanha Tiger Reserve comprising inviolate Kanha National park (core zone; devoid of human settlements and use) and the multiple-use area (buffer zone; consisting of forest and xviii revenue land, used by rural communities for farming and livestock rearing). The study stresses the importance of human free core areas and the need for conservation investments for achieving high ungulate densities and biomass that are essential to sustain source populations of tigers and other endangered carnivores in this landscape.
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    Ungulates mediated effects on Vegetation Structure and Biomass in Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2023) Gupta, Deepti; Ramesh, K.; Rawat, G.S.
    Ungulates play an important role in shaping the plant community structure, species richness and distribution through herbivory, seed dispersal, trampling and adding nutrient to the soil.They also act as important component of food chain, and hence their abundance and distribution are directly related to the large carnivore survival. Distribution of ungulates is strongly influenced by plant phenology, spatial heterogeneity of the forage plants and seasonal rhythm. Ungulates having different body sizes, habitat preferences, and anti-predator strategies might show a range of responses to the vegetation structure and composition (tree density, basal area and species richness), habitat parameters (terrain complexity, water availability and slope) and anthropogenic pressure (cattle abundance and human proximity). Ungulates in tropical dry deciduous forests have been majorly studied as primary prey to large carnivores. Panna Tiger Reserve (PTR), situated in the Vindhyan mountain ranges in Madhya Pradesh, central India, between 24°27¢N to 24°46¢N latitude and 79°45′E to 80°09′E longitude. PTR is uniquely characterized by its 'terraced topography' and presents two tabletop mountains and a valley formed by the Ken River. For this study, I chose four ungulates species having different habitat preferences, dietary requirements and body size viz., sambar (primarily a browser), chital (primarily a grazer), Nilgai (mixed feeder) and wild pig (omnivorous). Research objectives are as follows:1. To determine the vegetation structure and composition and quantify the above-ground biomass 2. To estimate the density of ungulates across space and seasons. 3. To model the ungulates-habitat relationships and related functional responses.
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    Influence of pastoral practices on wild ungulates in Upper Gori Valley, Western Himalaya.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2020) Bhattacharya, Ankita; Rawat, G.S.; Habib, Bilal
    The alpine meadows of western Himalaya have been used for livestock grazing by a large number of agro-pastoral communities for several centuries (Tucker 1986). Five distinct pastoral practices are prevalent across the alpine landscape in the western Himalaya: nomadic, semi nomadic, nuclear transhumance, trans-migratory and sedentary (resident). Trans-migration (seasonal altitudinal movement by the entire family along with the livestock) is practiced mainly by the Bhotiya communities in various parts of Uttarakhand, such as Byans, Darma, Johar and the upper basins of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi
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    Behavioural patterns and food habits of re-introduced gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus) in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2015) Manjrekar, Manas P.; Sankar, K.; Qureshi, Qamar
    The present study was designed to study the behavioural patterns and food habits of the reintroduced gaur population in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. The study was carried out from March 2012 to February 2014. For the collection of data on the behavioural patterns of gaur the scan sampling technique was used and 13 distinct activities of gaur were identified viz. feeding, moving, resting, standing, autogrooming, allogrooming, sexual behaviour, aggressive behaviour, drinking, salt licking, vocalising, defecating/urinating and alert behaviour. In the present study the social interactions among the members of a gaur herd were classified as allogrooming, dominance-subordination interactions and sexual behaviour. Four types of dominance-subordination interactions were recorded among gaur during the study period in Bandhavgarh.
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    A study on habitat use and food habits of swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli duvauceli) in Jhilmil Tal, Haridwar Forest Division, Uttaranchal
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2009) Tiwari, Rachna; Rawat, G.S.
    Habitat use and food habits of the swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli duvauceli) were studied in and around Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (JJCR), Uttarakhand, during June 2006 and June 2008. This population of swamp deer was recently rediscovered in the state and warranted an ecological study and conservation initiative because the habitat around this study area is heavily fragmented due to expansion of agriculture, habitation and various other land use practices. Therefore, this study was initiated. The major objectives were: i. ii. iii. To study seasonal variation in habitat use pattern and food habits, Activity pattern, Population structure and habitat condition, and iv. Identify threats and suggest conservation measures. Habitat evaluation of various potential (but fragmented) habitat blocks in Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve area and surrounding Banganga wetland revealed that they bear a close resemblance with the prime swamp deer habitat both in terms of structure and composition of key habitat variables.
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    Evaluation of impact of landscape changes on large mammal habitats in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2012) Basu, Santanu; Sankar, K.
    A study on the vegetation and wildlife habitats was conducted in the Rajaji-Corbett National Parks and adjoining areas using remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) and conventional field sampling techniques. Steady increase in anthropogenic pressures in this area has led to degradation and fragmentation of wildlife habitats and related environmental problems. While the two national parks have received attention due to their legal status, the surrounding areas such as the vital corridor connecting the two parks have been largely overlooked. This connecting forest faces dual threat from the surrounding villagers as well as the migratory pastoral communities viz., Gujjars and Bhotias. The literature review reveals that vegetation ecologists have conducted a few studies within Rajaji and Corbett National Parks. Most of the studies pertain to documentation and description of plant species, analysis of community structures, analysis of the problems of sal regeneration and habitat ecology of selected species in isolated areas. However, no effort had so far been made to analyse the overall terrain and landscape features in relation to vegetation structure in the area, which is essential for characterizing the wildlife habitat. Detailed maps depicting the vegetation types, terrain categories and habitat suitability for major ungulates were not available for the area. Similarly, no literature was available on the patterns of plant species diversity in relation to the habitat conditions. Therefore the present study was undertaken in this area. The specific objectives of the study area were to: 1) Spatially analyse the vegetation types, terrain categories and prepare maps for the same using remote sensing, 2) Study the structure and composition of various vegetation types in the corridor area.3) Study the patterns of plant species diversity and other related parameters. 4) Analyse habitat characteristics for major ungulates using Remote Sensing and GIS. The extensive study area was analysed through maps prepared using remote sensing techniques. This area covers about 10,766.7 km 2 and lies between 2900' to 30031' Nand 77015' to 80016' E. It includes the following national parks: a) Rajaji National park (820 km2 29052' to 30015' N and 77055' to 78019' E), and b) Corbett Tiger reserve (1320 km2, including 520 km2 of core area, 29025' to 29040' Nand 7805' to 7905' E).
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    The ecology and conservation of ungulates in Great Himalayan National Park, Western Himalaya.
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 1999) Vinod, T.R.; Rawat, G.S.
    Ungulates form a major component of the mammalian fauna in the Himalaya. In total, 19 ungulate species belonging to four families viz., Moschidae, Cervidae, Bovidae and Equidae, inhabit the Himalaya, out of which eight species are reported from the state of Himachal Pradesh (HP). Apart from some surveys and short term ecological studies on a few ungulate species of Western Himalaya, there has been no detailed study on ungulates of HP except for Himalayan ibex (Capra ibex sibirica). The available literature highlights the difficulties of studying rare and/ or elusive ungulates in Himalayan condition. Long term study on the ecology of theses' species are needed for the conservation and monitoring. Present study on the ecology and conservation of ungulates namely goral (Nemorhaedus qoral), Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrvsogaster), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), in Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu district, HP, was conducted from January 1996 to November 1998. An intensive study area of ca. 90 km2 was selected in the South-western region of. the Park, which represents various ecological zones of the Park. The objectives of the study were (i) to estimate the abundance and density of goral, Himalayan musk deer & Himalayan tahr in relation to human use, (ii) to determine the group size. composition & sex ratio of these animals. (iii) to study the habitat use pattern and (iv) to identify and discuss conservation issues. mitigation measures and to develop a long term' monitoring programme. In this study an attemp has been made to estimate the abundance and density of major ungulates viz, goral, Himalayan musk deer and Himalayan tahr