Studies on Frugivory and Seed Dispersal by Indian Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros birostris) in Sathyamangalam Forest Division, Eastern Ghats

Abstract

Seed dispersal refers the removal and deposition of seeds away from parent plants, by which a plant scatter its offspring away from their source of origin to reduce competition. Seed dispersal and its establishment are the crucial moments in the life cycle of plants which determine the success of plant populations. Basic knowledge about fruit-frugivore interactions and especially the seed dispersal process in forest ecosystems is essential for conservation of endangered animals and the forest itself. Fruit consumption by birds is an important species interaction that contributes to seed dispersal in forests. Hornbills, being primary frugivores of the tropical forest, play an important role in seed dispersal and regeneration of forest trees. Their ability to open and swallow large, ripe fruits and their defecation and regurgitation of undamaged viable seeds make them ideal dispersers. Hornbills are one of the most recognizable groups among birds. They are distributed in Sub-saharan Africa, Australia, South-east Asia and India. Among the 54 species of hornbills in the world, 9 species occur in India. Indian Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros birostris) also known as Common Grey Hornbill is distributed in India, Pakistan, Nepal and North-west Bangladesh. Hornbills have specific food preferences and foraging techniques. A review of literature revealed the absence of detailed research on Indian Grey Hornbill. Hence, a study was undertaken with the following objectives, I. assess 94 frugivory by Indian Grey Hornbill and establish its role in seed dispersal and regeneration of its food plants. The study was carried out in Sathyamangalam Forest Division