PhD Theses (WII)
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Item Proximate drivers of human-tiger interface and conflict in Sariska and Panna Tiger Reserves, India.(wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2021) Malviya, Majari; Ramesh, K.; Sankar, K.Human-wildlife conflict poses the most complex challenge to achieving ‘coexistence’. It has resulted in the decline of many species globally. Tigers are one of the three most conflict-prone large-bodied felids in the world. In some of its range states, about 50% of tiger deaths have reportedly occurred due to retaliatory killing by humans in response to domestic cattle depredation. Because of the implications of human-tiger conflict (HTC) on the persistence of tiger especially in human-dominated landscapes, management of HTC is of great conservation importance. However, efficient management steps can only be taken when the reasons for conflict are exposed. For this purpose, we need to identify and understand the factors operating in a conflict that determines its occurrence in a certain place and certain time i.e., the drivers of HTC. This study thus introduces an analytical framework, the conflict determinant model, to study human-carnivore conflict aimed at identifying various socio-ecological factors linked with conflict and model these factors to understand the mechanism and dynamics of HTC in the two study sites, viz. Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR), Rajasthan and Panna Tiger Reserve (PTR), Madhya Pradesh, India, with the goal to help design effective mitigation measures. To identify ecological drivers of HTC, data was collected on key habitat parameters for tigers i.e., prey, cover, water, and anthropogenic disturbance using line transect, circular plots, camera traps, and GIS. Additionally, to identify biological drivers, data on biological parameters of the tigers involved in conflict, viz. ID, sex, age, home range, and physiological stress were also collectedItem Human-tiger conflict, ranging pattern and habitat use by tiger in Sundarban Tiger Reserve, India(Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2015) Naha, Dipanjan; Sankar, K.; Qureshi, QamarThe Sundarban tiger inhabits a unique mangrove habitat type, isolated from neighboring tiger populations by hundreds of kilometers of agricultural and urban land. The main objectives of the present study were to (a) understand ranging pattern and habitat use of tiger (b) to quantify livestock losses by tiger predation and identify spatio-temporal patterns in conflict in and around the Tiger Reserve (c) to document and quantify the geographic distribution of tiger-human incidents and (d) to evaluate the perception and level of tolerance of people living in the vicinity of Tiger Reserve. This study showed that tiger home range range sizes are much larger than reported from Bangladesh Sundarban. The Sundarban Tiger Population is of global importance for the conservation of the species due to the size of the contiguous nature of the habitat and the unique adaptations of the tigers that inhabit these mangrove forests. In spite of only four tigers that could be radio-collared and monitored this study enhances our understanding aspects of tiger ecology in this unique landscape. Sundarban tigers are primarily diurnal, prefer certain habitat types and are reluctant to cross wide expanse of water. This information can be used to minimize human-tiger conflict which is a major impediment to tiger conservation in this region.