The Nicobar megapode Megapodius nicobariensis status, ecology and conservation : aftermath tsunami

Abstract

The Wildlife Institute of India conducted a status survey of the Nicobar megapode along with other coastal endangered species in the Nicobar group of islands in an effort to document the adverse impacts on their populations due to tsunami that occurred on 26th December 2004. The endemic Nicobar megapode population showed a dramatic decline (nearly 70%) in the number when compared to previous survey carried out in 1993-94. In 2006, there are approximately 800 breeding pairs in the coastal zo nes of these island group. 2. There was no evidence of Nicobar megapode in Megapode Island WLS and Trax Island during this survey where megapodes was reported earlier. 3. Crucial megapode habitats such as littoral forests of the island group were adversely affected. The populations of indicator species of the littoral forests Barringtonia asiatica and Terminalia bialata were severely impacted. However, regeneration of these species was found on the coastal region. 4. The island ecosystem are known for their resilience due to their ability for repopulating habitats and promoting regeneration. However, the restoration of the original biodiversity is possible only if the natural process such as recolonization is facilitated. The aftermath of the tsunami has left the trail of homeless families who need rehabilitation. Finding proper homes and alternate livelihood for them should not undermine ecosystem resilience. Raising plantation crops to generate revenue in the littoral forests should take into account the long term effects of habitat alteration. 5. Significant levels of wildlife habitats have been occupied by the tribals under the leadership of the tribal chiefs (known as Village Captain). Any conservation awareness programme with the help of these Village Captains would be useful for implementing recovery plans of declining species. 6. The Nicobar Division of the State Forest Department needs to be strengthened to facilitate wildlife protection and to take up appropriate wildlife management actions. 7. A total of 37 permanent monitoring plots have been identified and marked (Table 2) for long term monitoring of megapodes and its habitat. With some basic training, forest staff can collect data from these plots and within a weeks time all islands can be surveyed and collected data analyzed for developing appropriate conservation and management measures.