WII Technical Reports/Books/Manuals

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    Assessment and conservation practices of pollinators through community participation in the Indian Trans-Himalayan region: Climate change perspectives
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2020) Uniyal, V.P.; Chauhan, Mona; Chandra, A.; Mehrwar, Vandana; Thakur, P.; Singh, A.P.
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    An Ecological assessment of Baan Ganga wetland, Uttaranchal
    (Uttaranchal Forest Department and Wildlife Institute of India, 2006) Rawat, G.S.; Pandav, Bivash; Mathur, V.B.; Sankar, K.; Hussain, S.A.; Adhikari, B.S.; Sinha, B.C.; Pandav, Bivash; Sivakumar, K.; Padalia, H.; Chaturvedi, R.K.; Babu, M.M.
    An Ecological Survey of Baan Ganga Wetlands in Haridwar Forest Division, Uttaranchal was conducted during January to November 2006 by a team of faculty and researchers from the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Dehra Dun. The study components include rapid assessment of the flora, fauna (mammals, birds and fishes), water and soil quality of the area, mapping of the conservation reserve and designing of interpretive facility for the wetland. 2. Baan Ganga wetland represents a remnant Terai habitat in Uttranchal. Occurrence of endangered swamp deer and a variety of floral and faunal communities typical of Terai habitat amidst human dominated landscape warrants careful co-management approach. A total of 178 plant species were recorded from the Baan Ganga wetlands. Of these, 40 species were hydrophytic, 122 species semi-aquatic and 117 mesophytic. Detailed list of the flora along with their habitat and photographic records have been provided. 3. The survey area faces heavy anthropogenic pressures including heavy livestock grazing, fishing, pollution from the untreated sugar mill effluents, cutting and burning of natural vegetation and agricultural encroachment. Despite several pressures the area continues to attract a variety of wetland birds and has tremendous opportunity for developing a popular eco-tourist destination and thereby creating new opportunities in education, recreation, eco-tourism and research in the area. 4. Based on the rapid ecological surveys on various aspects, following major recommendations are given for the conservation and management of the Baan Ganga area: (i) Maintenance of stream flow all through the year (ii) Traditional fishing as in practice at preset may be continued (iii) Initiate a project to promote aquaculture (iv) Initiate conservation awareness programme for the local people especially about the adverse impact of pesticide use in the agriculture fields around the Baan Ganga. There should be a check on the release of effluents from the industries which are located on the upstream areas. Effluents must be treated before releasing into the natural system (v) Maintain heterogeneity in vegetation types. Aquatic weeds are required to be managed properly in year-wise plan. There should not be any construction along the banks of river which will change the hydrological system hence there will be change in the vegetation types. Cattle grazing needs to be regulated and a proper rotational grazing system needs to be implemented in consultation with the local communities (vi) Control of water hyacinth by utilizing this species as a compost / green manure (vii) Regulate exploitation of Phragmites and Typha and (viii) Develop an interpretation centre highlighting the biological and conservation significance of this area for development of eco-tourism.
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    Comparative study of man-leopard conflict and socio-economic impacts on rural community in Mandi and Hamirpur districts, Himachal Pradesh (2004-2008)
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2010) Chauhan, N.P.S.; Kumar, Devende; Sharma, Lalit Kumar
    Objectives of the study are : To prepare land cover and landuse pattern maps and determine areas suitable to leopard using Geographical Information System. ii. To study distribution and relative abundance of leopard in relation to habitat characteristics (terrain and vegetation). iii. To assess impacts of biotic pressures on leopard habitat. iv. To study nature and extent of man-leopard conflict problems in relation to land use pattern. v. To study food habits in relation to prey species (wild and domestic) availability. vi. To study the socio-economic impacts of leopard menace on rural community. vii. To make comparison of man-leopard conflict problem of Mandi and Hamirpur districts with that of Pauri Garhwal. viii. To suggest measures to minimize/contain man-leopard conflict in Mandi and Hamirpur districts. ix. To develop education awareness package for people living in the vicinity of man leopard conflict areas
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    Ecological Effects of road through sensitive habitats implications for wildlife conservation : Executive summary
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2012) Rajvanshi, Asha; Mathur, V.B.; Pragatheesh
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    Dugong distribution, habitat and risks due to Fisheries and other anthropogenic activities in India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2013) Sivakumar, K.; Nair, A.
    The dugong (Dugong dugon), also called the sea cow, is one of the four surviving species in the order Sirenia, and it is the only existing species of herbivorous mammal that lives exclusively in the sea, including Indian waters. Conservation of the dugong, which is a flagship species, represents coastal conservation. This protected species occurs in the Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, Gulf of Kutch and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The population of the dugong, which was once abundant, is assumed to have reduced to about 200 individuals in India. This number and the range of the dugong are believed to be continuously declining. Several reasons have been attributed to the decline in the dugong population, including sea grass habitat loss and degradation, gill netting, disease, water pollutants, indigenous use and poaching. This study was initiated to understand the dugong’s current distribution range and the magnitude of the anthropogenic threats faced by it and its habitat in India. The objectives include (1) determining the status and distribution of the dugong population in India, (2) understanding the risks faced by the dugong populations and their habitats, (3) assessing the status of artisanal fisheries in identified dugong habitats, (4) identifying the key areas where dugongs are present to conserve them and (5) understanding the attitude of fishermen towards conservation of dugongs. Three zones, namely the Gulf of Kutch, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Gulf of Mannar–Palk Bay were identified as the study area on the basis of information published on dugong sightings, stranding records and seagrass presence. A standardised dugong catch/bycatch questionnaire developed by the CMS-UNEP Dugong MOU Panel was used for interview surveys after it was translated into regional languages. Region-specific threats to the dugong and its habitat were identified. Occupancy models were built in the program PRESENCE to identify critical dugong habitats using dugong sighting data from the past 5 years (2008 to 2012). The range of variables that influenced occupancy and detection were also assessed. Dugong occupancy was greatest in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, followed by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and lowest in the Gulf of Kutch. At present, the overall occupancy of the dugong in Indian waters is estimated to be 11% of the total surveyed area. Only 21% of the area sampled in Tamil Nadu was found to be occupied by dugongs. The corresponding proportion was 12% in the iii Andaman and Nicobar Islands and 1% in the Gulf of Kutch. Overall, the dugong distribution range has significantly decreased by about 85% in the distribution range of the dugong in India. Dugongs are also exist in regions outside the existing protected area (PA) network. Thus, conservation planning should also focus on dugong habitats outside PAs. Preventive measures, such as affording greater protection to dugongs and making fisheries sustainable with dugong friendly gear and craft, especially in the critical dugong habitats identified, are recommended. It is of the utmost importance to secure and strengthen community participation in the management of dugongs and their habitats in India. Model
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    Spatial mapping of important marine habitats of Malvan Coast for re-organization of boundary of the Malvan Marine Sanctuary
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2023) Shinde, N.; Bayana, S.; Sarkar, D.; Pande, A.; Sivakumar, K.; Talukdar, Gautam
    Malvan Marine Sanctuary is a Marine Protected Area located in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra state. Known for its rich biodiversity, it is grappling with increasing anthropogenic pressure necessitating a comprehensive study to assess its habitats and threats. Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) of 2017-2018 team had suggested for boundary reorganization to exclude areas of human intervention and to include important habitats and areas with high biodiversity for the better management of biodiversity off the coast of Malvan. The project has undertaken because high tourism zone are areas with high anthropogenic pressure within the core zone of the sanctuary. Coral reefs and its associated fish fauna were surveyed at nine sampling sites. The total hard coral cover was observed to be 28% while the seagrass cover was observed to be 3% in 21 sampling sites. 19 genera of corals were identified. Favites sp.was observed to be the most abundant (19.18%). Within the sanctuary, Seagrass patches were identified at five sampling sites namely King’s Garden 1, King’s Garden 2, King’s Garden 3, Dharan and Donor site. 122 species of fish belonging to 38 families were observed during underwater surveys. Fish-market surveys were conducted to study the species composition and size-class of fish species caught around the sanctuary. A total of 44 different fish species were observed during market surveys. Beach litter surveys were conducted to assess the anthropogenic stress along the Malvan coastline. Debris in the form of polythene was the major contributing litter type at all three sections of the beach. The rocky outcrops along the coast were observed to be roosting sites for avifaunal species namely, White-bellied Sea Eagles, Pigeons, Swiftlets, etc. Spatial prioritization of the marine habitats revealed potential PA’s include Kawda, 7 rocks, Lighthouse area, covering an area of 29.07 sq.km; conservation priority areas comprising Chiwla, and Sargassm covering a total area of 19.21 sq. km and King’s garden (3.534 sq km) as sensitive area. Strategies to conserve these areas for long term conservation. should be planned. Spatial mapping of important marine habitats of Malvan coast for re-organization of boundary of the Malvan Marine Sanctuary