WII Technical Reports/Books/Manuals

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    Ecological studies in Sariska tiger reserve, Rajasthan
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2009) Sankar, K.; Qureshi, Q.; Mondal, Krishnendu; Worah, T.; Srivastava, S.; Gupta, S.; Basu, S.
    The objectives of study are : 1. To address the distribution and status of tigers and co-predators. 2. To address the distribution and status of prey species. 3. To prepare vegetation and land cover map of Sariska TR. 4. To study the socio economic profile and resource dependency of local people in the notified national park area and 5. To identify potential areas for 'source' population and areas warranting restorative action for corridor connectivity to facilitate gene flow.
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    Population estimation and monitoring protocol for hangul to central and South division of Kashmir
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2004) Qureshi, Q.; Shah, Nita
    Census of Wildlife is an investigation that requires knowledge of, how many animals are present either now or in the future. It is important to examine the methods and use the robust, the ones in consultation with the concerned specialists. The Department of Wildlife Protection has been conducting regular census of Hangul in Dachigam National Park by adopting traditional method of total count in blocks. The estimation of numbers of wild animals has now achieved a level of sophistication and the methods have gone from simple counts to complex relation, involving numerous assumptions. The aim of this exercise was not to fallow the counting of population, but to explore the trend of population in order to monitor the same in future.
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    Assessment of predator, prey and habitats in Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, 2024
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2024) Sadhu, A.; Kanswal, S.; Roy, A.; Rana, A.; Tripathi, P.; Qureshi, Q.
    Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) is located in the semi-arid western Indian landscape (24°33'54”N, 73°54'22"E] and spans the Pali, Rajsamand, and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan. Camera traps support various methodologies, including capture-mark-recapture for population estimation, occupancy surveys for determining species distribution, and distance sampling to assess animal density and abundance. Camera traps have been widely used as a wildlife monitoring tool due to their objectivity, ease of use, and ability to generate data on a wide range of species. Camera trapping was conducted in Kumbhalgarh from January to March 2024, covering an area of approximately 200 km2, which included all five ranges—Kumbhalgarh, Sadri, Desuri, Jhilwada, and Bokhada. The area was divided into 2 km2 grids, and in each grid, a pair of camera traps was placed. The cameras were set up along trails and near forest roads to maximize the probability of capturing the target species. These locations were selected based on a reconnaissance survey conducted in search of large carnivore signs along gipsy tracks, animal trails, and dry stream beds.
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    Techniques for wildlife census in India : a field manual
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 1991) Rodgers, W.A.; Sawarkar, V.B.; Choudhury, B.C.; Katti, M.; Kumar, A.
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    Social organization and dispersal of Asiatic lion and ecological monitoring of Gir
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2006) Jhala, Y.V.; Chellam, R.; Qureshi, Q.; Pathak, Bharat; Meena; Chauhan, K.S.; Dave, C.; Banerjee, K.
    Project titled ‘Social Organization and dispersal of Asiatic lion’ was initiated in 2002 by the Wildlife Institute of India in collaboration with the Gujarat Forest Department. Continuous record of lion demographic and population parameters, ungulate density and distribution, livestock-ungulate interaction and the study of male ranging patterns and resource utilization with the help of radio- telemetry have been some of the achievements of the project in the past five years. The project had established two research-bases at Sasan Gir (West Gir) and Tulsi Shyam (East Gir) respectively to meet the added project objective of project “Ecological monitoring of the Gir” in 2003. This component included studies on livestock-wild ungulate interaction, Maldhari-lion interaction, refinement of protocols for lion monitoring and mapping of peripheral areas of Gir which were considered important by the Gujarat Forest department and The Wildlife Institute of India.
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    Monitoring tiger and its prey in Chilla range, Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal, India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2006) Harihar, Abhishek; Pandav, Bivash; Goyal, S.P.
    The Rajaji National Park along with the adjoining Corbett Tiger Reserve forms the north-western limit for the distribution of the Tiger and Elephant in the Indian Subcontinent. Most parts of this landscape are under anthropogenic influence. Following the notification of the earlier sanctuaries (Rajaji, Motichur & Chilla) to a National Park (Rajaji National Park) in 1983, voluntary relocation of human (Gujjar community) settlements is underway (since 2002). The Chilla Range of Rajaji National Park is presently void of human settlements (Gujjars) and is showing very healthy resurgence of vegetation indicating promising signs of recovery with respect to utilization of the area by wildlife. This study carried out across two years (2004- 2005 to 2005-2006) aimed at monitoring the tiger population within Chilla range following a human resettlement program. Photographic capture-recapture analysis (450 trap nights each year) was used to estimate the density of tigers. Ecological density of wild ungulate prey species was estimated using line transects in conjunction with distance sampling. A total of nine permanent transects were laid and sampled eight times each, every year (102.8 km of walk each year). Food habits of tiger were determined by analysing field collected scats. Our results indicated that Chilla range supports a high ungulate prey density (76.5 individuals km-2 in 2005; 70.98 individuals km-2 in 2006) and has the highest reported sambar density (25.67 individuals km-2 in 2005; 24.69 individuals km-2 in 2006). Though we photographed 12 different individuals during our study (2004-06), the tiger density was found to be low (3.01 tigers 100km-2 in 2005; 2.54 tigers 100km-2 in 2006). The current wild prey biomass off take by tigers was estimated to be 2.78%. However, a predicted ~14 tigers 100km-2 can be supported within Chilla range given a 10% biomass off take (following the model developed by Karanth et al., 2004b). Past anthropogenic pressures have probably caused a downward trend in the tiger densities. From the photographs obtained during this study, it is clear that tigers are breeding in Chilla range. Given adequate protection Chilla can serve as a major source population from where tigers will breed and disperse into neighbouring forests within the Shivalik landscape. A continuous monitoring program is envisaged to document this recovery of predators, prey and their habitat
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    A report on population and density estimation of leopards in Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2012) Jhala, Y.V.; Basu, Arnab
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    Status of tiger and prey species in Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh: capture-recapture and distance sampling estimates
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2013) Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J.A.; Sen, S.; Murthy, R.S.; Sarkar, M.S.; Malviya, M.; Bhardwaj, S.; Roamin, S.
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    Status of Tigers, Co-Predator and Prey in Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) 2021
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Maharashtra Forest Department, 2022) Habib, Bilal; Nigam, P.; Ramanujam, M.; Pathak, A.; Shukla, P.; Dabholkar, Y.; Bhowmick, I.
    The Phase IV monitoring exercise as a part of the project “Long Term Monitoring of Tigers-predators and prey in tiger reserves and other bearing areas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra, for Pench Tiger Reserve was conducted from January 2021-July 2021. This exercise, having three main objectives, the status of prey, estimation of minimum tiger and leopard numbers, and capacity building among staff flagged off with a capacity-building workshop in January 2021. Line transects surveys aimed to estimate the density of prey species were carried out in two blocks with an effort of 7 days for each transect line. Among all the prey species highest density was recorded for Chitals 24.28 (±4.83)/km2 in the core. The density of other species are as follows Sambar 6.08 (±0.98), and Gaur 1.56 (±0.39)/km2, Wild pig 4.31 (±0.90), Langur 17.02 (±3.56), Nilgai 1.91 (±0.41), Barking Deer 0.59 (±0.15), Hare 0.81 (±1.12), Peafowl 2.49 (±0.60). In the buffer area, the density of Chital was 8.63 (±4.15) and of Sambar was 1.36 (±0.40). Camera trapping based on the spatial capture-recapture framework was conducted on the same locations of the same grids (2 km2) similar to the previous cycle (2020) which were selected based on a rigorous sign survey that provided sign encounters of tiger, leopard, and other co-predators. This year the trapping was completed in a single block with 311 camera stations resulted in 8415 trap nights during May 2021-June 2021. The minimum number of individual tigers captured was 44 along with 60 leopards. Tiger density based on the Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture framework was 4.78(±0.7)/100km2 and the density of leopard was 7.55 (±1.02)/100km2. To study space use and activity patterns we have used camera-trapping data from both core and buffer areas of Pench Tiger Reserve. Higher activity overlap was recorded between tigers and leopards (Dhat1=0.88) among predators. Camera trap locations with the number of captures of each species were modeled in a GIS domain using IDW (Inverse distance weighted) interpolation technique to generate spatially explicit capture surfaces. The times recorded on camera trap photos provide information on the period during the day that a species is most active. Species active at the same periods may interact as predator and prey, or as competitors. Sensors that record active animals (e.g. camera traps) build up a record of the distribution of activity over the day. Records are more frequent when animals are more active and less frequent or absent when animals are inactive. The area under the distribution of records thus contains information on the overall level of activity in a sampled population.