WII Technical Reports/Books/Manuals

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    Ecology of tigers in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2013) Sankar, K.; Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y.V.; Gopal, R.; Majumdar, Aniruddha; Basu, S.
    The present study aimed to map land use/land cover patterns and to assess spatial structure and configuration of landscape; structure and composition of vegetation types in landscape; and varies ecological aspects of tiger (Panthera tigris) in a tropical deciduous forest of Central India from 2005 to 2013. Prey species availability was estimated using line transect method in an intensive study areas of 410 sq km between January 2007 and June 2012.
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    Patterns of Mortality in Free Ranging Tigers
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2016) Nigam, Parag; Muliya, S.K.; Srivastav, A.; Malik, P.K.; Shrivastava, A.B.; Mathur, V.C.
    This study initiated an effort to maintain a centralized database of all tiger mortality events that are reported in India to address this shortcoming. We have initiated an attempt to study mortality patterns of tigers inhabiting landscapes in India based on available reports of mortality events in tigers from this database
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    Status of the tigers and copredators in Central Indian landscape
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2007) Jhala, Y.V.; Gopal, Rajesh; Qureshi, Qamar
    The present report forms a part of the All India Tiger Monitoring exercise undertaken on the direction of the Ministry of Environment and Forests by the Wildlife Institute of India in association with National Tiger Conservation Authority, MoEF, Government of India, and the State Forest Departments. As a part of this process, preliminary findings on the status, and distribution of tigers, co-predators and prey in the States of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa are presented. Tiger population estimates are provided for the States of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Chattisgarh. For the remaining States of Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Orissa tiger population estimation is in progress and estimates will be provided at a later date. The current monitoring system for tigers, co-predators, prey and their habitat transcends beyond generating mere numbers. It is a holistic approach which uses the tiger as an umbrella species to monitor some of the major components of forest systems where the tiger occurs in India. The data and inferences generated by the system would not only serve as a monitoring tool but also as an information base for decision making for land use planning. It provides an opportunity to incorporate conservation objectives supported with a sound database, on equal footing with economic, sociological, and other values in policy and decision making for the benefit of the society. After the Sariska debacle, this system with a few modifications was recommended as a monitoring tool for the entire country by the Tiger Task Force.
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    Evaluating tiger habitat at the tehsil level
    (Project Tiger Directorate and Wildlife Institute of India, 2006) Qureshi, Q.; Gopal, R.; Kyatham, Shirish; Basu, S.; Mitra, A.; Jhala, Y.V.
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    Monitoring tiger and its prey in Chilla range, Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal, India
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2006) Harihar, Abhishek; Pandav, Bivash; Goyal, S.P.
    The Rajaji National Park along with the adjoining Corbett Tiger Reserve forms the north-western limit for the distribution of the Tiger and Elephant in the Indian Subcontinent. Most parts of this landscape are under anthropogenic influence. Following the notification of the earlier sanctuaries (Rajaji, Motichur & Chilla) to a National Park (Rajaji National Park) in 1983, voluntary relocation of human (Gujjar community) settlements is underway (since 2002). The Chilla Range of Rajaji National Park is presently void of human settlements (Gujjars) and is showing very healthy resurgence of vegetation indicating promising signs of recovery with respect to utilization of the area by wildlife. This study carried out across two years (2004- 2005 to 2005-2006) aimed at monitoring the tiger population within Chilla range following a human resettlement program. Photographic capture-recapture analysis (450 trap nights each year) was used to estimate the density of tigers. Ecological density of wild ungulate prey species was estimated using line transects in conjunction with distance sampling. A total of nine permanent transects were laid and sampled eight times each, every year (102.8 km of walk each year). Food habits of tiger were determined by analysing field collected scats. Our results indicated that Chilla range supports a high ungulate prey density (76.5 individuals km-2 in 2005; 70.98 individuals km-2 in 2006) and has the highest reported sambar density (25.67 individuals km-2 in 2005; 24.69 individuals km-2 in 2006). Though we photographed 12 different individuals during our study (2004-06), the tiger density was found to be low (3.01 tigers 100km-2 in 2005; 2.54 tigers 100km-2 in 2006). The current wild prey biomass off take by tigers was estimated to be 2.78%. However, a predicted ~14 tigers 100km-2 can be supported within Chilla range given a 10% biomass off take (following the model developed by Karanth et al., 2004b). Past anthropogenic pressures have probably caused a downward trend in the tiger densities. From the photographs obtained during this study, it is clear that tigers are breeding in Chilla range. Given adequate protection Chilla can serve as a major source population from where tigers will breed and disperse into neighbouring forests within the Shivalik landscape. A continuous monitoring program is envisaged to document this recovery of predators, prey and their habitat
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    A study on sympatric carnivores (Tiger, leopard and wild dog) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamilnadu, India : final report
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2011) Sankar, K.
    A detailed long-term study on prey selection, food habits and population status of sympatric large carnivores (tiger, leopard and dhole) was documented in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu from January 2008 to April 2010.The objectives of the study were to estimate density, group size and composition for prey species of sympatric carnivores, study the food habits and prey selectivity of sympatric carnivores and to estimate the population of sympatric carnivores. The study area was divided into 3 x 3 km2 grids for line transect sampling. In each grid, a line transect (1.5 to 3.13 km) was laid (n = 33) along which the prey density was estimated for two successive years (January 2008 to December 2010). Prey species availability was estimated using line transect method in an intensive study area of 180 km2 comprising dry thorn, deciduous and semi-evergreen forests. The total length of line transects was 41.3 km. Each line transect was walked thrice in the dry season (January to April) and wet season (May to December) yielding a total effort of 369.45 km. Vehicle transects were used to estimate group size and composition of prey species in the intensive study area. Five vehicle transect routes ranging from 15 to 23 km were monitored. Total transect length of 93.5 km was monitored twice a month resulting in a total effort of 3740 km.
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    Evaluation of the functional status and quality of corridors connecting fragmented populations of tiger in the Indian part of Terai Arc landscape : Final Technical report
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2010) Rajapandian, K.; Anwar, M.; Goyal, S.P.
    Most rare and critically endangered species such as tiger (Panthera tigris) exist in human dominated landscapes as small, fragmented and isolated populations in most part of its range. A prerequisite for conservation efforts and management is to identify the factors which affect the distribution and abundance of the species of interest and connectivity between populations occupying the remaining fragments. Tiger populations have dramatically declined in recent years in the Indian part of Terai Arc Landscape (TAL). This top priority landscape for tiger conservation was once continuous across the Himalayan foothills but is now highly fragmented and most of the remaining large, intact habitats are located within protected areas. As tigers cannot sustain viable populations in small habitat fragments, an assessment of potential suitable habitat and connectivity among the remaining habitat patches is required to assess possibilities to ensure the creation of a single functioning metapopulation unit for tiger. Therefore, there is a need to monitor condition of tiger’s habitat (Smith et al. 1998). The effectiveness of potential corridors depends on the quality of habitat with in the corridor, the matrix that surrounds the corridor and redundancy of the corridor network (Collinge, 1998; Haddad et al. 2003). Out of ten corridors identified in TAL (Johnsingh et al., 2004), seven corridors were taken on priority basis for understanding quality and functionality assessment. Five and two corridors exist in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh state of India, respectively. In view of understanding functionality of corridor, the objectives of this study was aimed (i) To describe the functional status (use and intensity) of the corridors with reference to tiger, (ii) To study the biological characteristics (vegetation composition, prey distribution and abundance, and disturbance status) that determines the corridor quality and (iii) To use, and to document the socioeconomic issues affecting the corridor existence and its use. Under this study, we describe basic data obtained for these seven corridors for their habitat characteristics, use by tiger and level of disturbance under Part I. This would provide base line information for comparison in future. Data analysis undertaken in Part II of this report are use of ecological modeling models to assess functionality of these corridors using remote sensing data and other aspects
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    Field guide: Monitoring tigers, co-predators, prey and their habitats
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2013) Jhala, Y.V.; Qureshi, Qamar; Gopal, Rajesh; Amin, R.
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    Status of tiger and prey species in Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh: capture-recapture and distance sampling estimates
    (Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2013) Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J.A.; Sen, S.; Murthy, R.S.; Sarkar, M.S.; Malviya, M.; Bhardwaj, S.; Roamin, S.